An up-to-date atlas of an important fossil and living group, with the Natural History Museum.

Deep-sea benthic foraminifera have played a central role in biostratigraphic, paleoecological, and paleoceanographical research for over a century. These singlecelled marine protists are important because of their geographic ubiquity, distinction morphologies and rapid evolutionary rates, their abundance and diversity deepsea sediments, and because of their utility as indicators of environmental conditions both at and below the sedimentwater interface. In addition, stable isotopic data obtained from deepsea benthic foraminiferal tests provide paleoceanographers with environmental information that is proving to be of major significance in studies of global climatic change.

This work collects together, for the first time, new morphological descriptions, taxonomic placements, stratigraphic occurrence data, geographical distribution summaries, and palaeoecological information, along with state-of-the-art colour photomicrographs (most taken in reflected light, just as you would see them using light microscopy), of 300 common deep-sea benthic foraminifera species spanning the interval from Jurassic - Recent. This volume is intended as a reference and research resource for post-graduate students in micropalaeontology, geological professionals (stratigraphers, paleontologists, paleoecologists, palaeoceanographers), taxonomists, and evolutionary (paleo)biologists.

Ann Holbourn is a paleoceanographer at the University of Kiel, Germany. Her main research interests focus on the evolution and ecology of benthic foraminifera and their geochemical applications for reconstructing ocean circulation and climate change over the Cretaceous and Cenozoic.

Andrew Henderson works in the oil and gas industry as a Senior Stratigrapher for Robertson, a CGG Company. After his PhD research into Jurassic foraminifera, Andrew joined the Natural History Museum, London as a postdoctoral researcher and subsequently became a curator in the Micropalaeontology Division where he has spent most of his career. He works with most groups but has special interest in the taxonomy of agglutinated foraminifera and the biostratigraphy and systematics of benthonic foraminifera from the Middle East.

Norman MacLeod is the former Keeper of Palaeontology, and current Dean of Post-Graduate Education& Training, at The Natural History Museum, London. His main research interests include evolutionary palaeobiology, the patterns and causes of ancient extinction events, stratigraphy, palaeoceanography, and the evolution of body form in organisms.

Acknowledgements xi

Introduction 1

Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera 15

Abyssamina poagi Schnitker and Tjalsma, 1980 16

Abyssamina quadrata Schnitker and Tjalsma, 1980 18

Alabamina creta (Finlay), 1940 20

Alabamina dissonata (Cushman and Renz), 1948 22

Ammoanita ingerlisae Gradstein and Kaminski, 1997 24

Ammobaculites agglutinans (dOrbigny), 1846 26

Ammobaculites jarvisi Cushman and Renz, 1946 28

Ammobaculoides carpathicus Geroch, 1966 30

Ammodiscus infi mus Franke, 1936 32

Ammodiscus latus Grzybowski, 1898 34

Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis, 1928 36

Ammodiscus tenuis (Brady), 1881 38

Ammolagena clavata (Jones and Parker), 1860 40

Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch), 1791 42

Annectina biedai Gradstein and Kaminski, 1997 44

Annectina grzybowskii (Jurkiewicz), 1960 46

Anomalinella rostrata (Brady), 1881 48

Anomalinoides capitatus (Gümbel), 1868 50

Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr), 1937 52

Anomalinoides rubiginosus (Cushman), 1926 54

Anomalinoides semicribratus (Beckmann), 1954 56

Aragonia aragonensis (Nuttall), 1930 58

Aragonia velascoensis (Cushman), 1925 60

Astrononion stelligerum (dOrbigny), 1839 62

Bigenerina nodosaria dOrbigny, 1826 64

Bolivina decussata Brady, 1881 66

Bolivina huneri Howe, 1939 68

Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager), 1866 70

Bolivinoides delicatulus Cushman, 1927 72

Bolivinoides draco (Marsson), 1878 74

Brizalina alata (Seguenza), 1862 76

Brizalina aliformis (Cushman), 1926 78

Brizalina antegressa (Subbotina), 1953 80

Brizalina subaenariensis var. mexicana (Cushman), 1922 82

Brizalina subspinescens (Cushman), 1922 84

Bulbobaculites problematicus (Neagu), 1962 86

Bulimina aculeata dOrbigny, 1826 88

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman, 1927 90

Bulimina callahani Galloway and Morrey, 1931 92

Bulimina elongata dOrbigny, 1846 94

Bulimina gibba Fornasini, 1902 96

Bulimina glomarchallengeri Tjalsma and Lohmann, 1983 98

Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermúdez, 1937 100

Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman, 1925 102

Bulimina jarvisi Cushman and Parker, 1936 104

Bulimina macilenta Cushman and Parker, 1939 106

Bulimina marginata dOrbigny, 1826 108

Bulimina mexicana Cushman, 1922 110

Bulimina midwayensis Cushman and Parker, 1936 112

Bulimina rostrata Brady, 1884 114

Bulimina semicostata Nuttall, 1930 116

Bulimina taylorensis Cushman and Parker, 1935 118

Bulimina thanetensis Cushman and Parker, 1947 120

Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, 1928 122

Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole, 1928 124

Bulimina velascoensis (Cushman), 1925 126

Buliminella beaumonti Cushman and Renz, 1946 128

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermúdez, 1937 130

Buzasina galeata (Brady), 1881 132

Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll), 1798 134

Cancris nuttalli (Palmer and Bermúdez), 1936 136

Cassidulina teretis Tappan, 1951 138

Cassidulinoides parkerianus (Brady), 1881 140

Caudammina excelsa (Dylàzanka), 1923 142

Caudammina gigantea (Geroch), 1960 144

Caudammina ovula (Grzybowski), 1896 emend. Geroch, 1960 146

Chilostomella oolina Schwager, 1878 148

Chrysalidinella dimorpha (Brady), 1881 150

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob), 1798 152

Cibicides refulgens de Montfort, 1808 154

Cibicidina walli Bandy, 1949 156

Cibicidoides alazanensis (Nuttall), 1932 158

Cibicidoides barnetti (Bermúdez), 1949 160

Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth) 1918 162

Cibicidoides cicatricosus (Schwager), 1866 164

Cibicidoides compressus (Cushman and Renz), 1941 166

Cibicidoides crebbsi (Hedberg), 1937 168

Cibicidoides dohmi (Bermúdez), 1949 170

Cibicidoides eocaenus (Gümbel), 1868 172

Cibicidoides grimsdalei (Nuttall), 1930 174

Cibicidoides grosseperforatus van Morkhoven and Berggren, 1986 176

Cibicidoides guazumalensis (Bermúdez), 1949 178

Cibicidoides havanensis (Cushman and Bermúdez), 1937 180

Cibicidoides hyphalus (Fisher), 1969 182

Cibicidoides incrassatus (Fichtel and Moll), 1798 184

Cibicidoides lamontdohertyi Miller and Katz, 1987 186

Cibicidoides laurisae (Mallory), 1959 188

Cibicidoides matanzasensis (Hadley), 1934 190

Cibicidoides mexicanus (Nuttall), 1932 192

Cibicidoides micrus (Bermúdez), 1949 194

Cibicidoides mundulus (Brady, Parker, and Jones), 1888 196

Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak), 1886 198

Cibicidoides praemundulus Berggren and Miller, 1986 200

Cibicidoides robertsonianus (Brady), 1881 202

Cibicidoides subhaidingerii (Parr), 1950 204

Cibicidoides subspiratus (Nuttall), 1930 206

Cibicidoides velascoensis (Cushman), 1925 208

Cibicorbis hitchcockae (Galloway and Wissler), 1927 210

Clavulinoides aspera (Cushman), 1926 212

Conotrochammina voeringensis Gradstein and Kaminski, 1997 214

Coryphostoma incrassata (Reuss), 1851 216

Coryphostoma midwayensis (Cushman), 1936 218

Cribrostomoides subglobosus (Cushman), 1910 220

Cyclammina cancellata Brady, 1879 222

Cyclammina pusilla Brady, 1881 224

Cystammina pauciloculata (Brady), 1879 226

Cystammina sveni Gradstein and Kaminski, 1997 228

Discorbinella bertheloti (dOrbigny), 1839 230

Eggerella bradyi (Cushman), 1911 232

Ehrenbergina hystrix Brady, 1881 234

Elphidium crispum (Linnaeus), 1758 236

Elphidium macellum (Fichtel and Moll), 1798 238

Epistominella exigua (Brady), 1884 240

Eratidus foliaceus (Brady), 1881 242

Eubuliminella exilis (Brady), 1884 244

Evolutinella vocontianus (Moullade), 1966 246

Favocassidulina favus (Brady), 1877 248

Fissurina orbignyana Seguenza, 1862 250

Fissurina seminiformis (Schwager), 1866 252

Frondicularia saggitula van den Broeck, 1876 254

Fursenkoina bradyi (Cushman), 1922 256

Fursenkoina complanata (Egger), 1893 258

Globobulimina pacifi ca Cushman, 1927 260

Globocassidulina punctata Berggren and Miller, 1986 262

Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady), 1881 264

Globulina myristiformis (Williamson), 1858 266

Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker), 1860 268

Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker), 1860 270

Glomospirella diffundens (Cushman and Renz), 1946 272

Glomospirella gaultina (Berthelin), 1880 274

Gyroidinoides quadratus (Cushman and Church), 1929 276

Gyroidinoides soldanii (dOrbigny), 1826 278

Hanzawaia ammophila (Gümbel), 1868 280

Hanzawaia caribaea (Cushman and Bermúdez), 1936 282

Hanzawaia mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey), 1929 284

Haplophragmoides constrictus Krasheninnikov, 1973 286

Haplophragmoides multicamerus Krasheninnikov, 1973 288

Haplophragmoides pervagatus Krasheninnikov, 1973 290

Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski), 1898 292

Heterolepa dutemplei (dOrbigny), 1846 294

Hippocrepina depressa Vasicek, 1947 296

Hoeglundina elegans (dOrbigny), 1826 298

Hormosina globulifera Brady, 1879 300

Hormosinella carpenteri (Brady), 1881 302

Hormosinella distans (Brady), 1881 304

Hormosinelloides guttifer (Brady), 1881 306

Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter), 1783 308

Hyperammina elongata Brady, 1878 310

Ioanella tumidula (Brady), 1884 312

Jaculella acuta Brady, 1879 314

Kalamopsis grzybowskii (Dylàzanka), 1923 316

Karreriella bradyi (Cushman), 1911 318

Karreriella novangliae (Cushman), 1922 320

Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski), 1901 322

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob), 1798 324

Latibolivina subreticulata (Parr) 1932 326

Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones), 1865 328

Lenticulina anaglypta (Loeblich and Tappan), 1987 330

Lenticulina convergens (Bornemann), 1855 332

Lenticulina gibba (dOrbigny), 1839 334

Lenticulina iota (Cushman), 1923 336

Lenticulina muensteri (Roemer), 1839 338

Lituotuba lituiformis (Brady), 1879 340

Loxostomina limbata (Brady), 1881 342

Loxostomoides applinae (Plummer), 1927 344

Marginulina obesa Cushman, 1923 346

Marssonella oxycona (Reuss), 1860 348

Martinottiella communis (dOrbigny), 1826 350

Matanzia bermudezi Palmer, 1936 352

Melonis barleeanum (Williamson), 1858 354

Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll), 1798 356

Melonis sphaeroides Voloshinova, 1958 358

Neoconorbina terquemi (Rzehak), 1888 360

Neoeponides auberii (dOrbigny), 1839 362

Neoeponides hillebrandti Fisher, 1969 364

Neofl abellina jarvisi (Cushman), 1935 366

Neolenticulina peregrina (Schwager), 1866 368

Nonion havanense Cushman and Bermúdez, 1937 370

Nonionella turgida (Williamson), 1858 372

Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson), 1860 374

Nummoloculina contraria (dOrbigny), 1846 376

Nuttallides truempyi (Nuttall), 1930 378

Nuttallides umbonifera (Cushman), 1933 380

Oolina hexagona (Williamson), 1848 382

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss), 1851 384

Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones), 1865 386

Osangularia velascoensis (Cushman), 1925 388

Parabrizalina porrecta (Brady), 1881 390

Paratrochammina challengeri Brönnimann and Whittaker, 1988 392

Patellina corrugata Williamson, 1858 394

Planularia australis Chapman, 1941 396

Planularia gemmata (Brady), 1881 398

Planulina ambigua (Franzenau), 1888 400

Planulina ariminensis dOrbigny, 1826 402

Planulina costata (Hantken), 1875 404

Planulina foveolata (Brady), 1884 406

Planulina mexicana Cushman, 1927 408

Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth, 1945 410

Planulina rugosa (Phleger and Parker), 1951 412

Planulina subtenuissima (Nuttall), 1928 414

Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager), 1866 416

Plectofrondicularia parri Finlay, 1939 418

Plectofrondicularia paucicostata Cushman and Jarvis, 1929 420

Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman, 1927 422

Pleurostomella brevis Schwager, 1866 424

Praecystammina globigerinaeformis Krasheninnikov, 1973 426

Psammosphaera fusca Schulze, 1875 428

Pseudoclavulina amorpha (Cushman), 1926 430

Pseudonodosinella elongata (Grzybowski), 1898 432

Pseudonodosinella nodulosa (Brady, 1879) emend. Loeblich and Tappan, 1987 434

Pseudonodosinella troyeri (Tappan), 1960 436

Pseudoreophax cisownicensis Geroch, 1961 438

Pseudouvigerina plummerae Cushman, 1927 440

Pullenia bulloides (dOrbigny), 1846 442

Pullenia coryelli White, 1929 444

Pullenia cretacea Cushman, 1936 446

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss), 1851 448

Pyramidulina sceptrum (Reuss), 1863 450

Pyrgo comata (Brady), 1881 452

Pyrgo fornasinii Chapman and Parr, 1935 454

Pyrgo lucernula (Schwager), 1866 456

Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager), 1866 458

Pyrgo serrata (Bailey), 1861 460

Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer), 1838 462

Quadratobuliminella pyramidalis de Klasz, 1953 464

Ramulina globulifera Brady, 1879 466

Rectuvigerina mexicana (Cushman), 1926 468

Rectuvigerina multicostata (Cushman and Jarvis), 1929 470

Rectuvigerina nodifera (Cushman and Kleinpell), 1934 472

Rectuvigerina stonei (Bermúdez), 1949 474

Rectuvigerina striata (Schwager), 1866 476

Recurvoides contortus Earland, 1934 478

Reophanus berggreni Gradstein and Kaminski, 1997 480

Reophax pilulifer Brady, 1884 482

Reophax subfusiformis Earland 1933 emend. Höglund, 1947 484

Reticulophragmium amplectens (Grzybowski), 1898 486

Reussella szajnochae (Grzybowski), 1896 488

Rhabdammina discreta Brady, 1881 490

Rhabdammina linearis Brady, 1879 492

Rhizammina indivisa Brady, 1884 494

Rzehakina epigona (Rzehak), 1895 496

Rzehakina fi ssistomata (Grzybowski), 1901 498

Rzehakina inclusa (Grzybowski), 1901 500

Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady), 1879 502

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady), 1881 504

Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri), 1904 506

Siphogenerinoides brevispinosa Cushman, 1939 508

Siphogenerinoides eleganta (Plummer), 1927 510

Siphonina pozonensis Cushman and Renz, 1941 512

Siphonina tenuicarinata Cushman, 1927 514

Siphotextularia concava (Karrer), 1868 516

Siphouvigerina porrecta (Brady), 1879 518

Sphaeroidina bulloides dOrbigny, 1826 520

Spiroplectammina spectabilis (Grzybowski), 1898 emend. Kaminski, 1984 522

Spiroplectinella subhaeringensis (Grzybowski), 1896 524

Stensioeina beccariiformis (White), 1928 526

Stensioeina excolata (Cushman), 1926 528

Stilostomella abyssorum (Brady), 1881 530

Stilostomella aculeata (Cushman and Renz), 1948 532

Stilostomella alexanderi (Cushman), 1936 534

Stilostomella annulifera (Cushman and Bermúdez), 1936 536

Stilostomella consobrina (dOrbigny), 1846 538

Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager), 1866 540

Stilostomella modesta (Bermúdez), 1937 542

Stilostomella paleocenica (Cushman and Todd), 1946 544

Stilostomella spinescens (Reuss), 1851 546

Stilostomella stephensoni (Cushman), 1936 548

Stilostomella subspinosa (Cushman), 1943 550

Tappanina selmensis (Cushman), 1933 emend. Brotzen, 1948 552

Transversigerina senni (Cushman and Renz), 1941 554

Transversigerina transversa (Cushman), 1918 556

Trifarina angulosa (Williamson), 1858 558

Trifarina bradyi Cushman, 1923 560

Trifarina carinata (Cushman), 1927 562

Triloculina tricarinata dOrbigny, 1826 564

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck), 1804 566

Trochammina abrupta Geroch, 1966 568

Trochammina infl ata (Montagu), 1808 570

Trochammina quinqueloba Geroch, 1959 572

Trochamminoides coronatum (Brady), 1879 574

Trochamminoides grzybowskii Kaminski and Geroch, 1992 576

Turrilina brevispira ten Dam, 1944 578

Uvigerina aculeata dOrbigny, 1846 580

Uvigerina adelinensis Palmer and Bermúdez, 1949 582

Uvigerina auberiana dOrbigny, 1839 584

Uvigerina basicordata Cushman and Renz, 1941 586

Uvigerina carapitana Hedberg, 1937 588

Uvigerina havanensis Cushman and Bermúdez, 1936 590

Uvigerina hispida Schwager, 1866 592

Uvigerina laviculata Coryell and Rivero, 1940 594

Uvigerina mediterranea Hofker, 1932 596

Uvigerina mexicana Nuttall, 1932 598

Uvigerina pigmaea dOrbigny, 1826 600

Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager, 1866 602

Uvigerina spinulosa Hadley, 1934 604

Uvigerinammina jankoi Majzon, 1943 606

Veleroninoides scitulus (Brady), 1881 608

Verneuilinoides neocomiensis (Mjatliuk), 1939 610

Vulvulina pennatula (Batsch), 1791 612

Vulvulina spinosa Cushman, 1927 614

Glossary 616

References 620

Taxonomic index 633

General index 641